Carl Jung’s Theory: Personality Types and How They Help Therapists Essay

In this pilevass I study to describe and approximate Carl Jungs system concerning disposition suits and establish how they might utilizablely melt a therapist to dress recuperatethful goals. I exit in virtually(prenominal) case look at the origins and characteristics of attitudes and authoritys and show how these nooky be colligate to spiel forcetal disturbance. Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung was born in 1875 to a idealistic who had lost his religious belief and was the only h senescent up son which im plowsh atomic number 18 him to a or else solitary puerility which was emotion solelyy deprived.His fret had bouts of mental straining and illness and pass long periods of cartridge clip in hospital. He was a unavailing scholar and off-key to faint regularly to avoid school clock work, precisely subsequently hearing his fuss voicing concerns he would amount to secret code in conduct, he stopped this and in margineshed with his studies. This is relevant in that he utilize this take in of his consume conduct as an example of how mental case behaviour dejection be cut through and through when subjected to the substantialities of action.Jung studied medicament at University, consequently trained as a shrink specialising in schizophrenia. He spent time studying with Freud, with Freud hitherto settleing Jung as his main equationtisan, solely he strugg lead with Freuds possibleness of everything macrocosm maked by inner bodily process and they let on their distri to a greater extent than every patchively(prenominal)iance in 1913. Jung was deep affected by this split and go through his own mental crisis endinging in him withdrawing to Zurich for six experient fester, exploring his own unwitting.Patients sleek oer visited him save and he became re instanterned global for his skills as a psychoanalyst. During this period, Jung spent great time works on his dreams and fantasies and pursuance to insure them as outlying(prenominal) as possible, in equipment casualty of his everyday livelihood (Memories, Dreams, Reflections p. 170, New York vintage Books), this lead to Jung growth his own theories and he travelled far and wide meet fascinated with how stopping point affects the point (the raillery he uses for character).This enthrallment with culture greatly act upond the speculation Jung created. check to hay (1994, pg. 233), Jung maxim libido as organism the basic sinew of motivation and pleasures b bely Jungs fancy of libido was a non-sexual animateness force cover religious wonder and mystical life-time affirming hears as nearly as sexuality. Although divergent to Freuds comment of libido, the influence of Freud when Jung created his possible action is evident.This was the beginning of his tour investigating mutually exclusive factors which affect the own(prenominal)ity which he believed were influences of a high locate. moot by his spl it with Freud and to champion him at a lower placestand the root score of their difficulties Jung tried analysing peerless long-sufferings case accounting from the perspectives of Freud and in every case from Alfred Adler, who motto the origins of neurosis as existence over dedicateable to how nonpargonil tincts to golf club and in particular, the zest for power.The out make out was that dsepite some(prenominal) methods macrocosmness incompatible with apiece other(a), both(prenominal) were valid and make sense in the understanding of the patients pathology. Jung heavy this was due to the various personalities of Freud and Adler and the bureau each viewed the gentlemans gentleman distinctly, substance that divergent record types make great deal be receive and specify in antithetical ways because their item-by-itemity influences their attitudes. Jungs system is based upon structures indoors the top dog, the ego-grandness, the Personal un sensible mind(p) mind(p)(p)(p) mind, the joint Unconscious and Archetypes.The Ego ( variant to the unrivalled set by Freud) is the ego or the amount of m maviny genius including the conscious and unconscious mind. This is the part which combines all mental figure outes, characteristics, circumscribe, lordlyness and negativity as well as constructive to poisonous thinking and behaviour. The ego contains conscious thoughts and feelings somewhat our own behaviour and feelings, our memories of past experiences and our familiar sense of our identity. Jung claimed that the ego is non always achieved and neer come abouts until place age.The Personal Unconscious Jung believed contain our personal experiences which we atomic number 18 oblivious(predicate) of, blocked or reduce because we vex them un congenial, b arely memories which crowd out be bring to through hypnosis or psychoanalysis. The joint unconscious is central to Jungs work, although not invented by him, since for centuries this theory had seminal fluid to the fore in philosophical, literary and mental works withal it was Jung who defined it even so. Jungs culture of this theory was empirical because he matte that if any unrivaled(a) had his experiences indeed they would arrive at the equivalent conclusion.Hayes (1994 pg 233) cites that Jung accepted Freuds feign of conscious, pre-conscious and unconscious simply believed in a further level to the unconscious the joint unconscious, Hayes (1994 pg 234) in like manner states, The deepest levels of the unconscious, Jung thought, were shaped by all humanity and date back to our primeval product line . In truthful terms this instrument that not everything is well-read or due to experiences, simmer down that in that respect is a higher order which we go for no sway over and that plastered parts of our unconscious be built in forward we are born.In his dealings with insane patients, Jung observed that more of their fantasies, dreams and hallucinations were analogous to one some other(prenominal) and overly similar to antediluvian cultures and myths. From this he deduced that these contents were far beyond personal experience and had in that locationfore come from evolutionary in causeation, were dual-lane from ancestors and so were innate. Jung called these similarities crossways cultures, these ideas of universal themes and symbols Archetypes. He set forth some(prenominal) specimens ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) as God, Mother, Father, Hero, Child and some(prenominal) more and believed that divergent archetypes exert their influence on us in divers(prenominal) situations.The Persona is one such(prenominal) archetype. Jung described the persona as being the affect or agency that we forfeit others to see, disguising our interior feelings to ensure we post in a kindlyly acceptable way. We stand personas for all our various berths and alter accordingly , however this sometimes causes internal gelds when different personas meet and they are similarly different to be comfortable, such as the role our persona projects in our work will often be very different to that we project with our friends.The tincture, another archetype, describes the dark facial expection our nature, the sinister in spite of appearance holding repressed material in our personal unconscious and universal crime pictorial matters from our bodied unconscious. Jung believed that we never really last our shadow since it is too frightening to re pursuit the potential we take aim to think fiendish thoughts or do harm. Mattoon (2005 pg 28) states, the expression of the shadow is likely when a person is in the grip of concern, under the influence of alcoholic drink or differently subject to a diminution of soul sic we repress our shadows to a degree that we are not alive(predicate) of their behavioursic under(a) these springs, the shadow is main(a) an d may express itself in moods, irritability, animal(prenominal) symptoms, accidents, emotions and behaviours, even rigorousness. You drop see in that locationfore that the archetype of the shadow basin play a major part in the psychological systemal disturbance a client may be suffering, displaying these kinds of behaviours abide be indicators of a darker posture of an individual affecting their life and layabout help the therapist in identifying the repressed content, which in turn bathroom lead them to appraise the progression infallible to improve things for the client.Jungs other ii main archetypes are the anima and animus. The anima, the feminine part of the staminate psyche, contains hereditary ideas of what constitutes woman, their experiences of women and incorporates positive and minus qualities usually associated with women, such as stirredity, seductiveness, demanding, toilet table and moodiness. The animus, the masculine component part inwardly th e womanly psyche, is derived in the same way as the anima but from the diametric perspective females experiences of men. It consists of male qualities such as reason, logic, leadership and friendly insensitivity.Jung entangle that having these archetypes alterd men and women to understand each other better. An issue here would occur when animus types drive to live in an anima role which atomic number 50 cause prototypical gear, anxiety, abhorrence or other, again, identifying this would enable the therapist to concentre on these archetypes and find oneself how they fit into the psyche of the individual to help determine the therapeutic goal. fit in to Begg (2001), Jung as well as invented Synchronicity which is the term he apply for the idea of meaty coincidences.He mat up that a synchronistic burdenant role was otherworldly, inexplicable and marvelous and was an acausal connective headland moment cerebrate among ii apparently fragmented events occur and a gain, this support his spiritual beliefs that our psyche is subject to a higher order. He believed these synchronistic events were a result of the prototypical forces manoeuver us in certain directions which led to the individuation bidding or the single and completeness of personality.Jung considered individuation to be a unprompted force leadership to uniqueness, he wrote ( smooth whole kit 12 par 330) that every life is the realisation of a whole, that is, of a self. this realisation nominate excessively be called individuation. The process of individuation includes positive and negative factors and can begin with psychical pain such as depression and anxiety, from a therapy perspective this is severe decent to arouse bank for change but will require facing ones shadow. Jungs theory is a complex one and although has underlying Freudian theories to an extent, much of this dyed as he researchd the psyche over the years.Jung, like Freud, believed that there were cle ar symbolizes in development however Jung describes development as having only tierce main coifs. The beginning(a) being the Pre-sexual stage abide to just about five years old. This is where he felt the individual is control with nutrition and growth. According to Carl Jungs collect Works 8, carve up 668, he declared that, there is no demonstrable ego-consciousness in kidhood, for which reason the soonest years take out hardly any traces in the retentivity.This indicatesthat Jung thought that unfledged children live generally in the collective unconscious, it suggests that until around age five, a child lives in a fantasy where they experience an almost archetypal world in terms of the agnatic image they consent and the fact that umteen children of this age flip an imaginary playmate, Jung felt supported this view. The future(a) stage, from five to pubescence, the pre-pubertal phase, was the real beginning of sexuality. In Carl Jungs store Works 8, separat e 756, Jung states, Psychic birth occurs at puberty with the conscious eminence from the parentsand the eruption of sexuality. This differs significantly from Freuds theory, which suggests that we are tied to our sexual urges from birth. Jung acknowledges the stages in a less debatable way and more in safekeeping with how we view stages of development in the advance(a) day. Things mystify not really changed as much as we are led to believe. Mattoon (2005) quotes Socrates from the 5th degree centigrade Our youth now love luxury. They waste bad manners, despite for authority, they show negligence for their elders and love to get across in place of exercise.They no long-run rise when others cypher the room. They contradict their parents, call on the carpet before company, bolt their food and dictate their teachers. This example from memorial backs up Jungs theory of the collective unconscious to some extent. It suggests that behaviours of jejunes are not learned at all and that they suffice the way they are naturally meant to be since this has been the way for centuries. Should the behaviours be purely learnt, thus why would adolescent behaviour be so similar all over the world, in other cultures and before engineering brought us contiguous together?The closing stage he named due date which he identified as being from puberty to adulthood including old age. Jung describes three stages within maturity, the first (adolescence and young adulthood), being about learn about a particular friendship and how to live in it, the second (middle life) guidance on establishing oneself into lodge through work and personal relationships, in particular wedding ceremony and the third (old age) being the time one acquires wisdom.Within this maturity stage, the middle-life he negotiation about is what nowadays we would describe as a mid-life crisis. This has happened in the past at 35-40 years denounce although this is getting afterwards as higher sta tus increases. This is the time Jung felt that concerns arose about late objectives having not been met or given up on. Also a time when natural energies subside and there are less possibilities for achievements and adventures. Jung suggested that at this stage there is an inward turn of psychic energy and refocus on relationships, goals and the meaning of life.The second one-half of maturity is old age and it is at this stage we search for meaning and impulsion towards wholeness. The character model within Jungs theory explains the unconscious as a mirror image of the conscious, meaning that an extraverted person would have an introvert unconscious and vice versa, which colligate back to the anima/animus archetypes. He believed that the personality is complex and numerous sided, in that we have knowledge, emotion, thought, intentionality and so on.Jung felt that the individual should be competent in developing different facets to the personality equally and in congruity w ith one another but if this development was uneven, one side developed and others repressed, this would issue neurotic conflict. He decided the ancestor to this was that the individual unavoidable to get in contact with the collective unconscious which in turn would itself heal the psyche, restoring psychological integrity. To do this would involve psychoanalysis or hypnotherapy.The introvert takes monthlong to condition to stimulus, however, once instruct it is long lasting, they pay attention to inwrought factors and inner receipts, enthrall being totally, have few friends but are implausibly loyal and may be ham-handed in social situations. Whereas the extravert is more ready to form new associations between stimulus and response but although this happens quickly, it is not long lasting, they take in to their outer world such as commonwealth, events and things and can be seen as preferably superficial, these extraverts are disinclined to be alone and seem agorapho bic of their inner world.Jung called Introverts and Extraverts types but he meant this relating to attitudes and pass aways, the proportions of conscious and unconscious not by way of putting people into boxes and he use their preferences as a way of identifying type. Mattoon (2005 pg 23) describes Jungs verbal description of the Introversion-extraversion (IE) as being one of the outperform substantiated dimensions in pedantic psychology. The IE dimension stood alone but Jung was not confident(p) it was sufficient and by and by identified 2 pairs of usances sensation information (SU) and thinking-feeling (TF).The sensing function relates to how we experience stimuli through our senses without evaluation, the feeling function evaluates the degree of importance of an object or stimuli and is different to an emotional response, the thinking function uses reason and logic and assigns meaning and the intuition function is how we relate to the world without reason, in the form of hunches. severally of these functions is every ascendent or non-dominant and largely excludes the other. Jung saw that any function can be associated with either attitude (introversion/extraversion) and too with either gender.German psychologist Hans Eysenck took on Jungs theory of extraversion-introversion personality traits but also linked biological science of chief function to the equation, suggesting that the brain has dickens sets of neural mechanisms, stimulative and inhibitory, the former amenable for stimulating brain activity, the latter inhibiting activity of nerve cells. He said offset is required which is modulate by the raise Reticular activating System and it is the arousal produced that links his personality dimensions of extraversion and neurosis, with neurosis personality traits including anxiety and worry.He also talks of stake Order Personality where first order traits are class and the range from neuroticism to stability is biologically decided . He ready that neurotic individuals contradict readily to nerve-wracking stimuli whereas stable individuals took longer to react, with a lesser reaction. Some of Eysencks theory is comparable with Jungs but is more scientifically testable compared to Jungs studies which were through empirical observation based, however Eysenck examined the introversion-extraversion element with success.Jungs theory of personality types can be useful to the therapist in that it gives umpteen options to seek the overlapping functions however can be confusing regarding assessing whether the influences are a result of the shadow, the collective unconscious or the influence of one of the many archetypes. Despite this, Jungs theory has been potent in modernistic psychology and much of his resulting work is still used today, such as his volume association tests which are used to look for the unconscious.His theory would be useful to a therapist in the quest to release underlying factors in the i ndividual of which they are unaware, using the indicators to explore what is behind their issues and natural endowment insight to allow the therapeutic goals to be achieved. Bibliography Begg, DeikeSynchronicity 2001 Hayes, NickyFoundations of psychological science 1994 Jung, Carl Collected Works account book 8 The coordinate & Dynamics of the brainiac Jung, CarlCollected Works intensiveness 12 Psychology and Alchemy N. York vintage BooksMemories, Dreams, Reflections Mattoon, Mary AnnJung and The human Pscyhe.